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1．閥控式密封鉛酸蓄電池由正、負極板、隔板、電解液、安(an)全閥、外殼等部分(fen)組成。

在這種陰極吸收式閥控密封鉛酸蓄電池中，負(fu)極板(ban)活性物(wu)質(zhi)總量比正極多15%，當電池充電時，正極已充足，負(fu)極尚未到(dao)容(rong)量的(de)90%，因(yin)此，在正常情況下，正極會(hui)產生氧氣，而負(fu)極不會(hui)產生難以復合的(de)氫氣。

12V4AH蓄電池

2．蓄電池指標電動(dong)勢、內(nei)阻、終了(le)電壓(ya)、放電率、充電率、循(xun)環壽(shou)命。

（1）電池電動勢（e）。

（2）蓄電池的內(nei)阻(zu)（r）。

（3）終(zhong)了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓：放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)至電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓急劇下降(jiang)時(shi)的臨界電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，如再放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)就會損壞電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，此時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓稱為終(zhong)了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓。不(bu)同的放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率(lv)有不(bu)同的放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)終(zhong)了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，u終(zhong)=1.66+0.0175h，式中(zhong)h為放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)小時(shi)率(lv)，如采用(yong)1小時(shi)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率(lv)，u終(zhong)=l.66+0.0175×1=1.68v，如用(yong)10小時(shi)率(lv)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，u終(zhong)=1.66+0.0175×10=1.835v。

（4）放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)率(lv)(lv)：蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在(zai)一定(ding)條件下，放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)至終了電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的快慢稱之為(wei)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)率(lv)(lv)。放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流的大(da)(da)小(xiao)(xiao)，用(yong)時(shi)間(jian)率(lv)(lv)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)流率(lv)(lv)來表示。通常以10小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)率(lv)(lv)作為(wei)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流。即(ji)在(zai)10h內將蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的容(rong)量(liang)放(fang)(fang)至終了電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓。蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)容(rong)量(liang)的大(da)(da)小(xiao)(xiao)，隨(sui)著(zhu)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)率(lv)(lv)的大(da)(da)小(xiao)(xiao)而變(bian)化，放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)率(lv)(lv)低于正常放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)率(lv)(lv)時(shi)，可得到較大(da)(da)的容(rong)量(liang)，反之容(rong)量(liang)就減少(shao)。

（5）充電(dian)率：蓄電(dian)池在一定條件下，充電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)的大(da)小稱之(zhi)為(wei)充電(dian)率。常用的充電(dian)率是10小時率，即充電(dian)的時間需10h后，才達到充電(dian)終期。當縮(suo)短充電(dian)時間時，充電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)必須加大(da)，反之(zhi)，充電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)可減少。

（6）循環壽命：蓄電池經歷一次充電和放電，稱為一次循環。蓄電池所能承受的循環次數稱為循環壽命。